膝关节骨软骨损伤评估及治疗方法

目的探讨膝关节骨软骨损伤评估、治疗方法以及疗效。方法2010 年 1 月—2016 年 1 月，收治 17 例膝关节骨软骨损伤患者。男 2 例，女 15 例；年龄 15～33 岁，平均 19.3 岁。致伤原因：扭伤 14 例，膝关节过伸、内翻暴力致伤 3 例。骨软骨骨折部位：髌骨 8 例，股骨外髁 4 例，股骨内髁 1 例，胫骨平台 4 例。新鲜骨折 15 例，陈旧性骨折 2 例。术前膝关节 Lysholm 评分为（31.6±2.3）分。14 例骨软骨骨折切开复位后，根据骨质情况分别选择可吸收棒（9 例）、可吸收软骨钉（3 例）或可吸收缝线（2 例）固定；3 例骨块位于胫骨内侧平台边缘非负重区直接取出。结果术后 1 例发生切口脂肪液化，再次清创后愈合；其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访，随访时间 6 个月～2 年，平均 13 个月。14 例行内固定患者中，13 例骨折愈合良好，1 例髌骨骨软骨骨折未愈合；3 例非负重区骨软骨取出患者，随访期间未见膝关节内侧关节间隙变窄及创伤性关节炎发生。术后 1 年，膝关节 Lysholm 评分为（91.3±1.1）分，较术前明显改善（t=7.136，P=0.001）。 结论对于膝关节骨软骨损伤，骨软骨骨块带有全层松质骨时可选择切开复位内固定，带点状松质骨时可直接取出。     

Selective blocking laminoplasty in cervical laminectomy and fusion to prevent postoperative C5 palsy

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Cervical laminectomy and fusion (CLF) is a common surgical option for multilevel cord compression. Postoperative C5 palsy occurrence after CLF has been a vexing problem for spine physicians. The posterior shift of the cord following laminectomy has been implicated as a major factor for postoperative C5 palsy, but attempts by spine surgeons to mitigate excessive shift while providing sufficient decompression have not been well reported.

Congenital Heart Disease and Women’s Health Across the Life Span: Focus on Reproductive Issues

From adolescence to older age, women with congenital heart disease (CHD) face unique challenges. In this review we explore the ways in which CHD affects women’s sexual and reproductive health and, in turn, how their sexual and reproductive history affects the course of their CHD. In adolescence, special attention must be paid to menstrual irregularities and concerns of developing sexuality and self-image. Discussions about sexuality and reproduction are an important part of transition planning and must be done with an awareness of the adolescent’s developing understanding and maturity. Pregnancy imposes a hemodynamic load on the heart which may lead to cardiac, obstetric, and fetal/neonatal complications in women with CHD. Prepregnancy counselling must include an assessment of maternal and fetal risk according to several well developed models. Counselling should also include discussions about fertility and alternatives to pregnancy when appropriate. Recommendations for contraception must be made according to the patient’s cardiac lesion. In caring for women with CHD during pregnancy, a multidisciplinary cardio-obstetrics team is recommended to optimize care. More research is needed into the long-term impact of pregnancy on the prognosis of patients with CHD. As women with CHD increasingly survive into old age, more attention will need to be directed toward the treatment of menopause and acquired heart disease in this population.